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GliaVolume61,Issue11OriginalArticleSchwanncell‐derivedexosomesenhanceaxonalregenerationintheperipheralnervoussystemMaríaAlejandraLopez‐Verrilli

MillenniumNucleusforRegenerativeBiology,FacultyofBiologicalSciences,PontificiaUniversidadCatolicadeChile,Santiago,Chile

SearchformorepapersbythisauthorFredericPicou

MillenniumNucleusforRegenerativeBiology,FacultyofBiologicalSciences,PontificiaUniversidadCatolicadeChile,Santiago,Chile

SearchformorepapersbythisauthorFelipeA.Court

CorrespondingAuthor

MillenniumNucleusforRegenerativeBiology,FacultyofBiologicalSciences,PontificiaUniversidadCatolicadeChile,Santiago,Chile

NeurounionBiomedicalFoundation,Santiago,Chile

AddresscorrespondencetoFelipeA.Court,Av.B.O"Higgins340/Casilla114‐D,Santiago8331150,Chile.E‐mail:

fcourt@bio.puc.cl

Searchformorepapersbythisauthor
MaríaAlejandraLopez‐Verrilli

MillenniumNucleusforRegenerativeBiology,FacultyofBiologicalSciences,PontificiaUniversidadCatolicadeChile,Santiago,Chile

SearchformorepapersbythisauthorFredericPicou

MillenniumNucleusforRegenerativeBiology,FacultyofBiologicalSciences,PontificiaUniversidadCatolicadeChile,Santiago,Chile

SearchformorepapersbythisauthorFelipeA.Court

CorrespondingAuthor

MillenniumNucleusforRegenerativeBiology,FacultyofBiologicalSciences,PontificiaUniversidadCatolicadeChile,Santiago,Chile

NeurounionBiomedicalFoundation,Santiago,Chile

AddresscorrespondencetoFelipeA.Court,Av.B.O"Higgins340/Casilla114‐D,Santiago8331150,Chile.E‐mail:

fcourt@bio.puc.cl

Searchformorepapersbythisauthor

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AxonalregenerationintheperipheralnervoussystemisgreatlysupportedbySchwanncells(SCs).Afternerveinjury,SCsdedifferentiatetoaprogenitor‐likestateandefficientlyguideaxonstotheiroriginaltargettissues.ContactandsolublefactorsparticipateinthecrosstalkbetweenSCsandaxonsduringaxonalregeneration.HereweshowthatdedifferentiatedSCssecretenano‐vesiclesknownasexosomeswhicharespecificallyinternalizedbyaxons.Surprisingly,SC‐derivedexosomesmarkedlyincreaseaxonalregenerationinvitroandenhanceregenerationaftersciaticnerveinjuryinvivo.Exosomesshiftthegrowthconemorphologytoapro‐regeneratingphenotypeanddecreasetheactivityoftheGTPaseRhoA,involvedingrowthconecollapseandaxonretraction.Altogether,ourworkidentifiesanovelmechanismbywhichSCscommunicatewithneighboringaxonsduringregenerativeprocesses.WeproposethatSCexosomesrepresentanimportantmechanismbywhichthesecellslocallysupportaxonalmaintenanceandregenerationafternervedamage.GLIA2013;61:1795–1806

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