Serumresponsefactor(SRF)isatranscriptionfactor,whichbindstoaserumresponseelement(SRE)associatedwithavarietyofgenesincluding(i)immediateearlygenessuchasc-fos,fosB,junB,egr-1and-2,(ii)neuronalgenessuchasnurr1andnur77,and(iii)musclegenessuchasactinsandmyosins.Byregulatingexpressionofthesegenes,SRFcontrolscellgrowthanddifferentiation,neuronaltransmissionaswellasmuscledevelopmentandfunction.SRFcanbeactivatedbyserum,lysophosphatidicacid(LPA),lipopolysaccharide(LPS),12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate(TPA),cytokines,tumornecrosisfactor-alpha(TNFalpha),agentsthatincreaseintracellularCa2+,T-cellvirus1activatorprotein,hepatitisBvirusactivatorproteinspX,activatedoncogenesandprotooncogenesandextracellularstimulisuchasantioxidantandUVlight.Inserum-starvedcells,MALispredominantlycytoplasmicwhereitissequesteredbyactinmonomers.Uponserumstimulation,Rhobecomesactiveand,throughitsinteractionwithROCKandmDia1,causesanaccumulationofF-actinandacommensuratedecreaseinthelevelofG-actin.Asaconsequence,MALisnolongersequesteredandisfreetotranslocatetothenucleuswhereitassociateswithSRFandactivatesSRE-mediatedgeneexpression.

Contributor:KosiGramatikoff,PhD

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