Central nervous system pericytes are perivascular cells that are closely related with the endothelium of capillaries and other small vessels. Pericytes, located near endothelial cells, communicate with other cells by extending long cytoplasmic processes which wrap around the capillaries. Pericytes participate in a variety of processes; such as angiogenesis, endothelial cell survival, regulation of capillary blood flow, and establishment and maintenance of the blood-brain barrier. Pericyte dysregulation plays roles in several pathological conditions such as hypertension, diabetic retinopathy, atherosclerosis, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, and tumor angiogenesis. The unique and diverse functions of pericytes make them novel candidates for cell therapy in regenerative medicine. Leptomeningeal pericytes (LP) came from from the leptomeningeal layer surrounding the brain. Human Leptomeningeal Pericytes are a useful in vitro model for studying a wide variety of central nervous system diseases.