Fibroblasts are mesenchymal cells which perform many vital functions during development and adulthood. Fibroblasts are responsible for the majority of the extracellular matrix synthesis in connective tissue and play major roles in wound healing. In the trachea, fibroblasts and epithelial cells interact in order to respond to tissue injury, bacterial contamination, and environmental factors. Human tracheal fibroblasts (HTrF) can promote tracheal epithelial regeneration by influencing epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation. Abnormal proliferation of Human HTrF may lead to the development of airway diseases, such as asthma. HTrF are a useful model for elucidating the mechanisms of wound healing and may provide novel insights for tissue regeneration. They are also useful tools to stablish in vitro disease models for High Throughput and High Content Screening.