Description:

ER stress (UPR) response is governed by three transmembrane sensors: PERK, IRE1 and ATF6.  These stress sensors control a complex ER-to-nucleus signaling pathway that transmits information across the ER membrane to an extensive gene-expression program.  Two major transcription factors for UPR are ATF4 and ATF6.  Both ATF4 and ATF6 belong to a basic leucine zipper ATF/CREB family, but have distinct functions UPR.  ATF6 is a type II transmembrane ER protein that is activated by proteolytic cleavage.  Active ATF6 translocates to the nucleus where it forms active homodimers or dimerizes with NF-Y and XBP1s and binds to promoter regions containing ATF/cAMP response elements (CREs) and/or ER Stress Elements (ERSE).  ATF4 belongs to PERK-eIF2-ATF4 axis and regulates the expression of genes involved in amino acid biosynthesis and transport functions, antioxidant stress responses, and apoptosis.  ATF4 induces both pro-survival (early) and pro-apoptotic (late) transcriptional programs. Prolonged or extreme ER stress uses ATF4 to upregulate proapoptotic protein C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP).  To distinguish the function of ATF4 and ATF6 in ER stress, Signosis has developed ATF4 /ATF6 ELISA kit for detecting and comparing ATF4 and ATF6 DNA binding activities for human, mouse and rat samples. Signosis基因功能分析，靶标发现和确认，分析开发以及化合物筛选通常需要基于细胞的分析。经过工程改造以通过转基因整合到宿主基因组中表达目的基因的稳定细胞系提供了进行此类分析的有效方法。然而，由于建立这种细胞系的过程繁琐，开发过程耗时，劳动，试剂和材料的昂贵以及单个克隆的转染后验证，是否值得仍然值得商de在单个实验室中开发这种稳定细胞系的方法。  为了促进研究，Signosis现在提供了一系列基因表达或荧光素酶报告基因就绪的稳定细胞系。 萤光素酶报道基因稳定细胞系EGFR稳定表达细胞系HER2（ERBB2）稳定表达的细胞系pLenti-MSCV-EGFR-GFP载体pCMV-EGFR载体pCMV-EGFR-IRES-GFP载体pMSCV-EGFR-GFP载体EGFR突变荧光素酶表达载体GAL4-UAS-luc报告基因稳定细胞系NR LBD驱动的GAL4 Reporter稳定细胞系亲代细胞系