Synonym: 4-HPR; McNR-1967; HPR; Fenretinide

IUPAC/Chemical Name: (2E,4E,6E,8E)-N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)nona-2,4,6,8-tetraenamide

InChi Key: AKJHMTWEGVYYSE-FXILSDISSA-N

InChi Code: InChI=1S/C26H33NO2/c1-19(11-16-24-21(3)10-7-17-26(24,4)5)8-6-9-20(2)18-25(29)27-22-12-14-23(28)15-13-22/h6,8-9,11-16,18,28H,7,10,17H2,1-5H3,(H,27,29)/b9-6+,16-11+,19-8+,20-18+

SMILES Code: O=C(NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C2=C(C)CCCC2(C)C

Technical Data

Additional Information

Fenretinide (4-hydroxy(phenyl)retinamide; 4-HPR) (INN) is a synthetic retinoid deriverative. Retinoids are substances related to vitamin A. It has been investigated for potential use in the treatment of cancer, as well as in the treatment of cystic fibrosis,  rheumatoid arthritis, acne, psoriasis, and has been found to also slow the production and accumulation of a toxin that leads to vision loss in Stargardt's patients.
 
In cancer studies, Fenretinide treatment may cause ceramide (a wax-like substance) to build up in tumor cells and is associated with the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in cell death through apoptosis and/or necrosis. Fenretinide accumulates preferentially in fatty tissue such as the breast, which may contribute to the effectiveness of fenretinide against breast cancer. Phase III clinical trial data has suggested that fenretinide reduces breast cancer relapse in pre-menopausal women . Common side effects associated with fenretinide treatment include skin dryness and night-blindness, which is reversible upon cessation of treatment. Specific types of cancer under investigation include or have included ovarian, prostate, cervical, lung, renal, bladder, breast, glioma, skin, head and neck carcinoma, Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, neuroblastoma, and Ewing's sarcoma. (source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenretinide).
  
 
 

References

 1: Armstrong JL, Martin S, Illingworth NA, Jamieson D, Neilson A, Lovat PE, Redfern CP, Veal GJ. The impact of retinoic acid treatment on the sensitivity of neuroblastoma cells to fenretinide. Oncol Rep. 2012 Jan;27(1):293-8. doi: 10.3892/or.2011.1479. Epub 2011 Sep 29. PubMed PMID: 21964808.

2: Fang H, Harned TM, Kalous O, Maldonado V, Declerck YA, Reynolds CP. Synergistic Activity of Fenretinide and the Bcl-2 Family Protein Inhibitor ABT-737 against Human Neuroblastoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2011 Nov 8. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 21933888.

3: Villablanca JG, London WB, Naranjo A, McGrady P, Ames MM, Reid JM, McGovern RM, Buhrow SA, Jackson H, Stranzinger E, Kitchen BJ, Sondel PM, Parisi MT, Shulkin B, Yanik GA, Cohn SL, Reynolds CP. Phase II Study of Oral Capsular 4-Hydroxyphenylretinamide (4-HPR/Fenretinide) in Pediatric Patients with Refractory or Recurrent Neuroblastoma: A Report from the Children's Oncology Group. Clin Cancer Res. 2011 Nov 1;17(21):6858-6866. Epub 2011 Sep 9. PubMed PMID: 21908574; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3207022.

4: Carr AJ, Vugler AA, Yu L, Semo M, Coffey P, Moss SE, Greenwood J. The expression of retinal cell markers in human retinal pigment epithelial cells and their augmentation by the synthetic retinoid fenretinide. Mol Vis. 2011;17:1701-15. Epub 2011 Jun 25. PubMed PMID: 21738400; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3130725.

5: Desai KG, Mallery SR, Holpuch AS, Schwendeman SP. Development and in vitro-in vivo evaluation of fenretinide-loaded oral mucoadhesive patches for site-specific chemoprevention of oral cancer. Pharm Res. 2011 Oct;28(10):2599-609. Epub 2011 Jun 15. PubMed PMID: 21674264; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3171589.

6: Campos-Sandoval JA, Redondo C, Kinsella GK, Pal A, Jones G, Eyre GS, Hirst SC, Findlay JB. Fenretinide derivatives act as disrupters of interactions of serum retinol binding protein (sRBP) with transthyretin and the sRBP receptor. J Med Chem. 2011 Jul 14;54(13):4378-87. Epub 2011 Jun 7. PubMed PMID: 21591606.

7: Rahmaniyan M, Curley RW Jr, Obeid LM, Hannun YA, Kraveka JM. Identification of dihydroceramide desaturase as a direct in vitro target for fenretinide. J Biol Chem. 2011 Jul 15;286(28):24754-64. Epub 2011 May 4. PubMed PMID: 21543327; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3137051.

8: Kummar S, Gutierrez ME, Maurer BJ, Reynolds CP, Kang M, Singh H, Crandon S, Murgo AJ, Doroshow JH. Phase I trial of fenretinide lym-x-sorb oral powder in adults with solid tumors and lymphomas. Anticancer Res. 2011 Mar;31(3):961-6. PubMed PMID: 21498721.

9: Cooper JP, Hwang K, Singh H, Wang D, Reynolds CP, Curley RW Jr, Williams SC, Maurer BJ, Kang MH. Fenretinide metabolism in humans and mice: utilizing pharmacological modulation of its metabolic pathway to increase systemic exposure. Br J Pharmacol. 2011 Jul;163(6):1263-75. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01310.x. PubMed PMID: 21391977; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3144539.

10: Yang H, Zhan Q, Wan YJ. Enrichment of Nur77 mediated by retinoic acid receptor β leads to apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells induced by fenretinide and histone deacetylase inhibitors. Hepatology. 2011 Mar;53(3):865-74. doi: 10.1002/hep.24101. Epub 2011 Feb 11. PubMed PMID: 21319187; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3077573.