RNAinterference(RNAi)bydoublestrandedRNA(dsRNAs)moleculesofapproximately20-25nucleotidestermedshortinterfering(siRNAs)isapowerfulmethodforpreventingtheexpressionofaparticulargene.ThedsRNAdominantlysilencesgeneexpressioninasequence-specificmannerbycausingthecorrespondingendogenousmRNAtobedegraded.ThetechniquewasfirstdevelopedinCaenorhaBDitiselegans,andwasrapidlyappliedtoawiderangeoforganisms.MethodsforexpressingsiRNAsincellsincultureandinvivousingviralvectors,andfortransfectingcellswithsyntheticsiRNAs,havebeendevelopedandarebeingusedtoestablishthefunctionsofspecificproteinsinvariouscelltypesandorganisms.Forexample,chemicallysynthesizedorinvitrotranscribedsiRNAscanbetransfectedintocells,injectedintomice,orintroducedintoplants.siRNAscanalsobeexpressedendogenouslyfromsiRNAexpressionvectorsorPCRproductsincellsorintransgenicanimals.

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